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A new, non-invasive BioPhotonic Raman spectroscopy method was used to establish relationships between skin (palm) carotenoid levels as a biomarker of the strength of the antioxidant defense system and demographic, dietary and lifestyle parameters. There were 1,375 subjects entered into this population study. Results confirmed and helped validate all expectations for this health assessment instrument. Specifically, measurements appear not to be confounded by general demographic variables, such as age, sex and race/ethnicity, and they show the expected relationships with body composition, oxidative stress (urinary MDA,
smoking) and dietary habits (fruit and vegetable consumption and LifePak® usage). Subjects habitually using LifePak® had a 61% higher BioPhotonic skin response than non-users, and similar or higher responses than subjects who reported eating more than five servings of fruits and vegetables daily”